2020 Year in Review - Neuroendocrine Tumors

Results of a retrospective analysis of first-line chemotherapy regimens indicate that non–platinum/etoposide regimens may provide a significant progression-free survival (PFS) benefit versus platinum/etoposide regimens for patients with grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).
Findings of a population-based retrospective cohort study indicate that the risk for cancer-specific death exceeds the risk for noncancer death; however, patients with nonmetastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) may have a higher risk for noncancer deaths.
Patient-reported outcomes data of the XERMELO Patient Registry indicate that patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) experiencing carcinoid syndrome (CS) reported improvement in CS symptom control and satisfaction with telotristat ethyl (TE) treatment, as well as reduced activity impairment and work productivity losses after 6 months of treatment.
Results of a retrospective study indicate that the 5-fluorouracil + leucovorin + oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) ± bevacizumab regimen is active in patients with aggressive and heavily pretreated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) who have progressed on prior capecitabine + temozolomide chemotherapy.
The design of an ongoing phase 2 study (NCT04412629) evaluating the efficacy and safety of the multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib in patients with high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) was presented at the 2020 North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Annual Symposium.
Findings of a retrospective safety analysis suggest that the risk for severe myelotoxicity or opportunistic infections is rare in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).
Results of a retrospective real-world data analysis indicate that temozolomide-based regimens are associated with a high disease control rate (DCR) and a manageable toxicity profile in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs).
The randomized phase 3 JCOG1205/1206 trial did not demonstrate superiority of irinotecan + cisplatin versus etoposide + cisplatin in patients with completely resected high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNECs) of the lung.
The ongoing nonrandomized, open-label, single-arm phase 2 NICE-NEC trial is evaluating the safety and efficacy of adding the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab to standard platinum-doublet chemotherapy as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic or unresectable grade 3 neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of gastroenteroenpathic (GEP) or unknown origin.
Results of a retrospective analysis showed that checkpoint inhibitors as monotherapy had limited clinical benefit in patients with grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) or neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), and modest benefit when combined with another checkpoint inhibitor or chemotherapy.
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