David E. Gerber, MD

While adherence to annual screening exceeded 90% in the National Lung Screening Trial, the trial population was disproportionately white, educated, and received care in the tightly controlled environment of a clinical trial.

CheckMate 227 (NCT02477826) is a large phase 3 study of first-line nivolumab or nivolumab-based regimens vs chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC.

Since the publication of the positive results of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST)—the first lung cancer screening trial to demonstrate a reduction in lung cancer mortality—in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2011, several uncertainties regarding implementation of widespread lung cancer screening have arisen.