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In October 2021, trastuzumab deruxtecan was granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation by the FDA in the United States for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who have received ≥1 previous anti-HER2–based regimens.

Two new antibody–drug conjugates with a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload have recently been added to the therapy options for patients with metastatic TNBC and HER2-positive breast cancer.

PARP inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the breast cancer landscape, with trials that show improved progression-free survival and overall survival.

Improved knowledge of the biologic pathways, along with a number of new targeted therapies, has resulted in better outcomes for patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. These new therapies have been used in combination with older treatments to optimize patient outcomes.

CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with antiestrogen therapy are the standard of care for HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. However, a diverse landscape of resistance to these therapies exists, which has resulted in precision-guided therapeutic strategies that are under active clinical development.

Olaparib monotherapy has shown promising clinical results in treatment-naïve TNBC with germline or somatic homologous repair deficiency, with fewer adverse events compared with traditional chemotherapy.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact healthcare across the globe.

Dalpiciclib plus fulvestrant has been clinically demonstrated to significantly improve progression-free survival and reduce the risk for disease progression or death.

Despite their frailty and comorbidities in the elderly patient population, palbociclib was proven to be a well-tolerated treatment in elderly patients with advanced, ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.

A completion of local treatment and neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy results in significantly longer survival, free of invasive or distant disease than placebo in patients with high-risk, HER2-negative early breast cancer, with germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic variants.